以下是 无 为大家整理的关于八年级英语上册知识点语法结构的文章，供大家学习参考！

1、 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）

　列如：She is a student （身份） He has become an engineer

　It tastes sweet They are in the classroom

　动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等

　2、 主语+动词（S+V）

　列如：water flows He is reading

　She has arrived They will come Mary cried

　例如：They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK

　3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O）

　例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket

　They have finished the job Rose is reading a book

　及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语

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　3、 主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O）

　例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story

　Give us a ring when you arrive at the college

　The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up

　直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的

　4、 主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)

　例如：We elected him chairman We should keep the classroom clean

　I want her to come She had a new dress made、

　She heared him singing 宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是说补语表示宾语的特征，身份，状态，或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变为被动句，那么原来的宾语变成了主语，后面的补语便是主语的补语

　：We found him（reading in the library）（括号内表示宾语的补语）

　所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一个成分都会破坏句子结构的完整性。句子结构中的基本成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中还有起修饰作用的定语和状语，以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下面括号部分即为定语、状语和同位语。

　例如：She is a good student

　They will come soon

　Mr Brown，Tom's father ，is an engineer

　因此，英语的句子成分主语有主语，动词，表语，宾语，补语，定语，状语和同位语。问题：名词作表语和名词作单宾之间的区别？名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语的差别？

　分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构，并划出各个句子成分。

　1、I saw Jane in the reading room

　2、Production grows rapidly

　3、They treated me as their own son

　4、His classmates made him their monitor

　5、Victor passed Robert the ball

　6、You did not need to arrive so early

　7、The children ran merrily after him

　8、It is getting dark

　9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help

　10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave

　11、The population of city rose by 20 percent

　12、She had a new dress made

　13、Her face turned red at his words

　14、The old professor lectures twice a week

　15、Tom become a good student at last

　16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left

　17、They will have a meeting in room 205

　18、Her parents bought her a new radio

　19、She told us a lot of interesting stories

　20、The food smells nice

人教版八年级上英语全部知识点、语法

Unit 1 Sports and GamesTopic 1 Are you going to play basketball?核心词汇：cheer, team, win, join, club, dream, grow, future, against, leave, shame, baseball, hour, pretty, popular, heart, healthy, relax常用词组：cheer sb. on, quite a bit/a lot, grow up, in the future, arrive in/at, play against, leave for, the day after tomorrow, take part in, pretty well, high jump, long jump, all over the world交际用语：1. Would you like to come and cheer us on?2. Which sport do you prefer, skating or skiing?3. Do you skate much? Yes, quite a bit/a lot./No, seldom.4. What a shame!语法精粹：一般将来时（Ⅰ）Are you going to play basketball? Yes, I am./No, I am not.It’s too bad that they aren’t going to stay in Beijing for long.There is going to be a school sports meet next month.What are you going to do tomorrow morning? I’m going to play soccer. Topic 2 Would you mind teaching me?核心词汇：ill, mind, practice, smoke, somewhere, careless, chance, fight, angry, serve, ready, important, competition, invent, college, even, score, basket, throw, follow, over, century, however, tired, active, mile, fresh, instead, build, become, coach, feeling常用词组：fall ill, be glad to, say sorry to, be angry with sb., turn down/up, be important to sb., more and more, instead of, build up, have fun doing sth.交际用语：1. – Michael, could you please do me a favor? – Sure. What is it?2. – Will you join us? – I’d like be glad to.3. – Will you join us? – I’d be glad to.4. – Would you mind teaching me? – Not at all. You can do it! Let’s go and practice.语法精粹：一般将来时（Ⅱ）I’ll tell them.I’ll be there soon.I’ll go somewhere else.I’ll play it more quietly. Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.核心词汇：taxi, foreign, e-mail, address, from, fill, reason, maybe, perhaps, coffee, shall, pick, gold, winner, visitor, improve, environment, ourselves, modern, fast, ring, symbol常用词组：fill out, Roast Duck Restaurant, make friends with sb., make it, the People’s Republic of China, take part in, stand for, at least, be fond of交际用语：1. – Hi, can I help you? – Yes, please. I want to join the Ren’ai English Club.2. – Hello, is that…? – Speaking.3. What will the weather be like this weekend?4. What will Beijing be like in 2008?语法精粹：一般将来时态（Ⅲ）Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.I think I’ll be free on Sunday.Why won’t Michael go to plant trees this Saturday?What will Beijing be like in 2008? Unit 2 Keeping Healthy Topic 1 How are you feeling today?核心词汇：toothache, dentist, cough, fever, flu, headache, lift, pale, terrible, medicine, brush, tooth, Internet, X-ray, serious, sick, ice cream, plenty常用词组：have a cold, go to see a doctor, take a rest, have a fever, at night, had better (do), take some medicine, day and night, lie down, look after, check over, not…until交际用语：1. – What’s wrong with you? – I have a fever/a toothache/a sore throat/the flu.2. You look pale.3.– How are you feeling today? – I feel terrible/better.4. I’m sorry to hear that.语法精粹：表建议的情态动词You should go to see a doctor.Michael shouldn’t move his leg too much.You’d better go to see a doctor.You’d better not go to school today. Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.核心词汇：health, tonight, without, article, cause, cancer, litter, habit, energy, necessary, enough, disease, body, illness, empty, stomach, human, through, sour, tidy, sweep, than, wealth, choose, sandwich, watermelon, sausage, tomato, beef, cabbage, strawberry常用词组：stay up late, be good/bad for, do morning exercises, relax sb. give up, throw about, keep sb. active, get a headache, get into, keep…clean/fresh, more than, too little/too much food交际用语：1. What’s up/wrong?2. Is going to bed early good or bad for your health? It’s good.3. You must not take pets to school with you.4. You may get a headache when you work too hard.语法精粹：1. 选择疑问句Is going to bed early good for or bad for your health?2. 情态动词can, may, must, shouldI must ask him to give up smoking. Topic 3 What should we do to fight SARS?核心词汇：hurry, spread, among, agree, examine, patient, care, brave, wife, talk, duty, save, myself, hate, herself, itself, themselves, yourselves常用词组：hurry up, go ahead, do one’s best, all the time, keep away, examine the patient, get through, have a message take care of, take an active part in, care for, teach oneself, enjoy oneself, take some Chinese medicine, be afraid of交际用语：1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. Li? Sure, go ahead.2. Please tell my father to take care of himself.3. He cared for the patents day and night.4. Must we keep the windows open all the time? No, we don’t have to/needn’t.5. Extension 6226, please.语法精粹：1. 表示“必要”的情态动词have to, must/must not2．反身代词myself, yourself, himself Unit 3 Our Hobbies Topic 1 I love collecting stamps.核心词汇：collect, hobby, VCD, share, pop, pond, nobody, paint, such, friendship, knowledge, whether, lovely, ugly, stupid常用词组：collecting stamps, used to do sth., photos of famous stars, prfer/love/enjoy doing sth., be interested in, walk a pet dog, go fishing, do some outdoor activities, watch a movie, know little about during summer vacations, keep pets, such as, daily work交际用语：1. Collecting stamps must be great fun!2. I am interested in playing basketball.3. What things do you love collecting?语法精粹：used to do sth. 的用法I used to collect stamps. I didn’t use to play soccer.Did you use to go swimming? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.Where did you use to go swimming? Topic 2 It sounds great!核心词汇：pity, lend, pay, simple, member, continue, birth, weight, height, banana常用词组：go to the concert, take English lessons, play the violin/the drums/the piano, in one’s free/spare time, pop music, folk music, classical music, one of the most famous rock bands, set up, be famous for交际用语：1. What kind of music do you like? It’s hard to say.2. Do you like classical music? No, I don’t like it at all.3. It’s not my favorite, but I don’t mind it.语法精粹：Exclamation（感叹句）It sounds great!What sweet music!How exciting! Topic 3 What were you doing this time yesterday?核心词汇：pleasant, handsome, boring, sad, laugh, church, factory, dish常用词组：this time yesterday, take a shower, answer the phone, do some washing, agree with sb., nothing serious, listen to the radio, make faces, too…to交际用语：1. I called you but nobody answered the phone.2. Hold the line, please.3. I think so./I don’t agree with you.4. Don’t do that again, Bill.语法精粹：过去进行时（Ⅰ）I was doing some cleaning this time yesterday.Were you playing on the computer? Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.What were you doing this time yesterday? Unit 4 Our World Topic 1 We share the world with plants and animals.核心词汇：sky, nature, cow, sheep, goose, joy, rose, snake, fox, feed, cover, earth, surface, meter, forest, control, wood, rubber, protect, fact, lake, ocean, drop, bear, wolf常用词组：think about, in the countryside, be important to, share…with, feed on, thousands and thousands of, in fact, make up, save every drop of water交际用语：1. The dogs are the bravest animal on the farm.2. Why do you think so? Because animals are our friends. They give us joy.3. As we know, plants and animal are important to us.4. We share the world with them.语法精粹：形容词的比较级和最高级用法。 Topic 2 I am sure there are no UFOs.核心词汇：robot, scientist, appear, situation, repair, machine, mend, lazy, toward, planet, balloon, seem, real, list, order常用词组：take the place of, instead of, in danger, mistake...for…, seem to, call for, wake sb. up, in alphabetical order, pay attention to, begin with, and so on, plug in交际用语：1. Could you tell me something about robots? Of course.2. What can robots do for us?3. Robots can take the place of humans to do hard and boring work in some work situations.4. I’m sure there are no UFOs.5. Are you sure you plugged it in? Yes, I’m sure./No, I’m not sure.语法精粹：1. 过去进行时（Ⅱ）2. weather, if引导的宾语从句1. be sure 句型Last night, while Jim was sleeping, he saw a UFO flying over his head.I’m not sure whether if robots will make humans lose their jobs.I’m sure robots will make humans lose their jobs. Topic 3 The builders used live models, didn’t they?核心词汇：remain, government, modern, wonder, live, treasure, underground, palace, king, ancient, stone, weigh, ton regard常用词组：pull down, be worn out, be mad up of, join…together, regard…as交际用语：1. What happened?2. People pulled lots of them down in the 1960s.3. I see. It’s really too bad.4. It took about 100000 people over 20 years to build it.5. How long wide high…? It’s …语法精粹：反意疑问句There are many old city walls in Beijing, aren’t there? No, there aren’t.You visited Emperor Qin’s Terra Cotta Warriors last week, didn’t you? Yes, I did.The builders used live models, didn’t they? Yes, they did.

1.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting, etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4) 把y变i,再+er

heavier, earlier

(5) 不规则变化：

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

2.祈使句：

Sit down please

Don’t sit down, please.

3. there be 结构

肯定句： There is a …

There are …

一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

4.一般现在时：通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”.

形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

5.现在进行时：形式： be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

6.

重点的句型：

1.How many + 复数名词 + are there ...?

此句型是一个特殊疑问句,意思是\"在.有多少.?\"多用来对可数名词的数量提问.How many 后面要接可数名词的复数形式.如：

How many apples are there on the table? 桌子上有多少个苹果?

2.. What about ...?

此句型意思是\".怎么样?\"、\".呢?\",通常用来询问情况或征求意见、看法等.其中的about是介词,后面可接名词、代词或动词等.如：

What about that computer? 那台电脑怎么样?

My gloves are red. What about theirs? 我的手套是红色的,他们的呢?

What about playing games after school? 放学后做游戏怎么样?

3. What time is it?/What\'s the time?

英语中,常用这两个句型来询问现在的时间,意思是\"什么时间了?\"或\"几点了?\"其答语一般用\"It\'s + 时间.\"其中的it指代时间,翻译时可不译,常在句尾加上please,以表示委婉的语气.如：

What time is it, please? 请问现在几点了?

-It's about a quarter past ten. 大约十点十五分.

4. What colour + be + 主语?

询问某物的颜色,一般用以What colour 开头的特殊疑问句,其答语通常用\"It\'s/They\'re + 表示颜色的形容词\".如：

-What colour is her blouse? 她的衬衫是什么颜色的?

-It's light blue. 是浅蓝色的.

5.Whose + 名词 + be + 其它?/Whose + be + 名词?

英语中常用这两个句型来询问某事物属谁所有.如：

Whose cup is that? 那是谁的杯子?

Whose are these photos? 这些照片是谁的?

6. It's time for + sth. /It's time to do sth. / It's time for sb. to do sth.

这个结构意思都是\"该做某事了\",\"到做某事的时候了\".如：

It's time for school. 到上学的时候了.

It\'s time to have supper. 该吃晚饭了.

7. 选择疑问句：选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分,以供选择,答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答

一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种.其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句.供选择的两部分用or连接,前者读升调,后者读降调.

e.g. Will you go there by bus or by train?

What would you like, coffee or tea?

How many pens do you have, one or two?

选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no.

e.g. Do you go to school by bus or by bike?

By bus.

Which would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.

一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句

e.g. Is it right or wrong?

Were you or he there?

Are they reading, chatting or watching TV?

特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句

e.g. Which do you like better, coffee or milk?

What color is it, red, blue or yellow?

Where are you going, to the classroom or to the library?

or not构成的选择疑问句

e.g. Do you want to buy it or not?

Are you ready or not

8.另外,“to be + going + 动词不定式”这个特殊的结构可表示在未来即将要进行的动作.

例：He is going to tell me tomorrow - 他将在明天告诉我.

练习题：

There are ____ water in the bottle.（B）瓶子里有一点水

There are ____ water in the bottle.（A）瓶子里没水了

There are ____ students in the classroom.（D）教室里有几个学生

There are ____ students in the classroom（C）教室里没有学生

There are ____ apples on the trees.（D）有几个苹果长在树上

选项统一为

A、little B、a little C、few D、a few

3. Of course,every one of us_1__to make friends like food---they are useful to us,and they can help us when we are _2__need._3__you can make as many friends of this kind as possible.

(1) A.want B.will want C.wants

(2) A.in B.on C.for D.of

(3) A.And B.But C.So D.Because

答案：CAC

4.Twenty minutes later,John_1__a tree.His leg was broken,and it hurt _2__.

Mr smith _3__to mend the chair.then he_4__himself with a hammer.

(1) A.fell over B.fell from C.fell down D.fell on

(2) A.all the day B.all day C.whole day D.all days

(3) A.starts B.started C.was starting

(4) A.damaged B.knocked C.hit D.cut

答案：BABC